The Science

The science behind DNA Halo® is not a summary. It's a body of evidence.

Most supplement companies cite a study or two. We built a research program. Here is everything — from molecular mechanism to peer-reviewed human clinical trials — so you can evaluate the evidence yourself.

The Problem — What Radiation Actually Does to Your Body

Radiation doesn't hurt you the way a cut or a burn does. You don't feel it happening. But at the cellular level, ionizing radiation is one of the most destructive forces the human body routinely encounters.

When radiation passes through your body, it generates free radicals — unstable molecules that attack whatever is nearest to them. Most of the time, what's nearest is DNA. The result is a DNA strand break: a literal fracture in the genetic code of your cells.

Your body has natural repair mechanisms for this. But those mechanisms aren't perfect, and they weren't designed for the cumulative, chronic radiation exposure that modern life — and modern careers — deliver. Over time, unrepaired or misrepaired DNA strand breaks accumulate. Scientists have linked this accumulation to cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, and accelerated cellular aging.

The damage happens at two levels that most people — and most supplements — overlook:

Nuclear DNA — the genetic blueprint in the nucleus of every cell. This is what most people think of when they think of DNA damage.

Mitochondrial DNA — the separate genetic material inside your mitochondria, the energy-producing structures in every cell. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively through the maternal line and has far fewer protective proteins than nuclear DNA. Research conducted by our Chief Science Officer, Dr. Kieran Murphy, MD, shows that mitochondrial DNA is 13 times more sensitive to radiation damage than nuclear DNA.

Most antioxidant supplements — if they address DNA protection at all — address only one of these. DNA Halo® was specifically formulated to protect both.

The Mechanism — Why This Formula Works

DNA Halo® is built around a patented combination of ten bioactive ingredients, each selected for a specific role in the body's antioxidant defense system. This isn't a kitchen-sink formula. The specific ingredients, and critically the ratios between them, are what the patent protects — because those ratios are what the science validated.

The formula works across three distinct protective compartments within each cell:

Mitochondrial membranes — Vitamin E acts as a lipid-soluble antioxidant embedded in cell and mitochondrial membranes, neutralizing free radicals before they reach the DNA.

Cellular cytosol — Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and selenium operate in the fluid surrounding the mitochondria, capturing free radicals in the aqueous environment.

Mitochondrial interior — CoQ10 and alpha-lipoic acid work inside the mitochondria themselves, directly at the site where radiation-induced oxidative stress is most destructive.

Supporting this three-compartment defense are quercetin (a flavonoid that activates the p53 tumor suppressor pathway — the cellular mechanism that detects and initiates repair of DNA damage), astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, folate, and Vitamin B12.

A note on p53 and why it matters: p53 is often called the "guardian of the genome." It is the primary cellular protein responsible for detecting DNA damage and initiating repair. When p53 function is compromised — by chronic oxidative stress, among other causes — damaged cells can replicate unchecked. The published mechanistic research supporting DNA Halo® (Fagbohun et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023) demonstrates how the formula's ingredients activate and support the p53 pathway. This is not a general antioxidant claim. It is a specific, peer-reviewed molecular mechanism.

The Evidence Pyramid

From the lab bench to the human body: Multiple levels of evidence. Every step, peer-reviewed.

Science earns trust through replication — from mechanism, to cell studies, to animal models, to human trials. DNA Halo® has been validated at every level of that hierarchy. Here are the complete 6 levels of evidence architecture.

LEVEL 1 - Mechanistic Foundation

Why the ingredients work at the molecular level

Fagbohun, Merlin, Rupasinghe, Dellaire & Murphy International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023 Dalhousie University · University of Toronto

This peer-reviewed review establishes the molecular basis for DNA Halo®'s ten-ingredient formula. It documents how each ingredient — quercetin, CoQ10, alpha-lipoic acid, vitamins C, E, B9 and B12, selenium, astaxanthin, and zeaxanthin — interacts with the p53-mediated DNA damage response pathway. The p53 protein is the cell's primary guardian against unrepaired DNA damage; this paper demonstrates how the formula supports and activates that guardian function.

In plain terms, our answer to "Why do these ingredients work?" is grounded in established molecular biology, not marketing.

LEVEL 2 - Cell Studies: Carcinogen Exposure

Does it work against chemical DNA damage?

Merlin, Dellaire, Murphy & Rupasinghe Biomedicines (MDPI), 2021 Dalhousie University · University of Toronto · Funded by Cora Therapeutics (Mitacs)

The precursor formula (AOX1) was tested against chemical carcinogens in human bronchial epithelial cells. The study demonstrated significant reduction in DNA strand breaks through activation of the ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway — one of the cell's primary DNA damage detection systems. DNA damage was measured using γH2AX foci, the gold-standard molecular biomarker for double-strand DNA breaks used by cancer research institutions worldwide.

In plain terms, in a controlled laboratory setting, the formula's predecessor significantly reduced the DNA damage caused by carcinogens, measured at the molecular level.

LEVEL 3 - Cell Studies: Radiation Exposure

Does it work specifically against ionizing radiation?

Merlin, Mathavarajah, Dellaire, Murphy & Rupasinghe Antioxidants (MDPI), 2022 Dalhousie University · University of Toronto · Funded by Cora Therapeutics (Mitacs)

This study tested the current DNA Halo® formula (AOX2) directly against gamma irradiation — the same type of ionizing radiation encountered in medical imaging and occupational exposure environments. Human bronchial epithelial cells were irradiated and then examined for DNA strand breaks using γH2AX markers. The formula produced a statistically significant reduction in radiation-induced DNA damage at the cellular level.

In plain terms, the actual DNA Halo® formula was tested directly against radiation. It worked, measured at the molecular level, in a peer-reviewed published study.

LEVEL 4 - Animal Study: Survival After Lethal Radiation

What happens after a major radiation event?

Brown et al., Radiation Research, 2010

In a controlled animal study using lethal total-body irradiation (8 Gy — a dose that is uniformly fatal without intervention), antioxidant supplementation with the DNA Halo® formula significantly improved survival. When supplementation began 24 hours after exposure, 14 of 18 subjects survived. This finding has meaningful implications not only for occupational protection but for post-exposure scenarios.

In plain terms, even after a serious radiation event, antioxidant intervention made a measurable difference in survival. It's not too late.

LEVEL 5 - Human Clinical Trial: Published

Does it work in real people?

Velauthapillai, Dariushnia, Sapkota, Brady, Midia & Murphy Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR), 2016–2017 University Health Network, Toronto

This is the study that separates DNA Halo® from every other antioxidant supplement on the market. A prospective controlled human clinical trial was conducted with interventional radiology professionals — people who receive occupational ionizing radiation exposure as part of their daily work. Participants received the DNA Halo® formula and underwent blood testing for DNA strand breaks.

DNA damage was measured using two gold-standard biomarkers used by cancer research institutions:

  • γH2AX (gamma-H2AX) — a histone protein that appears precisely at the site of a DNA double-strand break, used as a direct molecular count of DNA damage events
  • p53 — the primary tumor suppressor protein that signals DNA damage and initiates the cellular repair response

The results were statistically significant: supplementation with the DNA Halo® formula produced a meaningful reduction in measured DNA strand breaks in human subjects with occupational radiation exposure. Published in JVIR, one of the most prestigious peer-reviewed journals in interventional medicine.

In plain terms: real people, real radiation exposure, real blood tests, real results. Published. Peer-reviewed. Not a claim — proof.

LEVEL 6 - Human Clinical Trial: Second Study

And then we did it again.

A second prospective human clinical trial — more rigorous in design, with three arms, six blood draws, and analysis conducted by two independent blinded research centers — has been completed and is currently under review at a major medical journal. Participants were again interventional radiology professionals. Analysis was conducted independently by:

  • Dr. Ben Lok, University Health Network, Toronto
  • Dr. Mark Tarnopolsky, McMaster University

Measurements included nuclear DNA damage (γH2AX), p53 activation, and mitochondrial DNA integrity — the first human trial to measure all three simultaneously in a radiation-exposed population.

Results are consistent with the published trial and the laboratory evidence. Full data will be published upon journal acceptance. Details available to qualified researchers, institutional buyers, and wholesale partners upon request.

In plain terms: we didn't stop at one human trial. We ran a second, more rigorous one. Same result.

The Patent

The formula is protected because the formula is proven.

DNA Halo® is covered by an international patent portfolio protecting the specific combination and ratios of ingredients in the formula. This is not a broad "antioxidant blend" patent. It protects the precise formulation that the clinical evidence validated.

Current patent status:

  • 🇨🇦 Canada — Granted
  • 🇨🇳 China — Granted
  • 🇦🇺 Australia — Granted (AU 2020376980)
  • 🇺🇸 United States — Pending

The patent was filed via PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) on October 27, 2020, claiming priority from a US provisional application filed October 28, 2019. International preliminary examination by the Canadian Intellectual Property Office found the claims novel, inventive, and industrially applicable across all 37 examined claims.

The patent covers the composition, the method of use for preventing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage from ionizing radiation, UV exposure, and oxidative stress, and the manufacturing process — providing broad protection across the full scope of DNA Halo®'s application.

The Research Team

Built by scientists. Validated by institutions.

Dr. Kieran Murphy, MD Chief Science Officer, Cora Nutraceuticals Interventional Neuroradiologist, University of Toronto Co-author on 10+ peer-reviewed publications in JVIR, Interventional Neuroradiology, Antioxidants, Biomedicines, IJMS, and the Mauro Interventional Radiology textbook (Elsevier)

Dr. Murphy is both the clinical scientist behind the DNA Halo® formula and one of the world's leading interventional neuroradiologists. His research on occupational radiation exposure, DNA damage, and antioxidant protection spans more than a decade and has been published in the most respected journals in his field. He didn't develop DNA Halo® as a business venture — he developed it because the data on occupational radiation risk left him with no other professional conclusion.

Research conducted at: University of Toronto · Dalhousie University · McMaster University · University Health Network

Full Reference Library

  1. Fagbohun et al. "Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression." Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023.
  2. Merlin et al. "Vitamin-Containing Antioxidant Formulation Reduces Carcinogen-Induced DNA Damage through ATR/Chk1 Signaling in Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro." Biomedicines, 2021.
  3. Merlin et al. "A Dietary Antioxidant Formulation Ameliorates DNA Damage Caused by γ-Irradiation in Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro." Antioxidants, 2022.
  4. Xhuti et al. "Antioxidant Supplementation and Mitochondrial DNA Protection." Nutrients, 2023.
  5. Velauthapillai et al. "Antioxidant Premedication to Prevent Radiation-Induced DNA Damage." JVIR, 2016–17.
  6. Brown et al. "Antioxidant Supplementation and Survival After Lethal Irradiation." Radiation Research, 2010.
  7. Murphy K. "Occupational Radiation Exposure: A Workplace Safety Issue." JVIR, 2020.
  8. Murphy K. "Should Future Interventional Neuroradiologists Be Screened for Mutations?" Interventional Neuroradiology, 2016.
  9. Khan, Lacasse, Khan & Murphy. "Radiation Cataractogenesis." JVIR, 2017.
  10. R. Murphy & K. Murphy. "Genetic Screening for Interventionalists." JVIR, 2019.
  11. Munk & Murphy. "Does MRI Affect DNA Integrity?" CAR Journal, 2016–17.
  12. Brady & Murphy. "Radiation Safety and Protection in the Interventional Fluoroscopy Environment." In: Mauro et al. (Eds.), Image-Guided Interventions. Elsevier.

Hamada & Zablotska. "Paediatric CT and Brain Cancer." Lancet Oncology, 2022.

You've seen the science. Now protect your DNA.

Anyone can call their product an effective antioxidant. Only DNA Halo® proves it with scientific results.